The next two weeks mark the 70th anniversary of the
Battle of Britain, which culminated on the
15th September, the day on which Luftwaffe losses were deemed by the Nazi leadership to have been unsustainably high. After that date the strategy changed, and bombing cities replaced destruction of the RAF and its bases as the priority.
Hawker Hurricane Mk I, V6665 RF-J , 303 (Polish) Sqn, Northolt, September 1940.
The role of Polish pilots in the Battle of Britain is today well known (though I have books about the battle that entirely fail to mention them). Above all, it is the legendary 303 Squadron that bore the brunt of the action as a Polish unit. (I was planning a day-by-day account of 303 Sqn's action during the Battle of Britain, but the Wikipedia article does that admirably).
To save you clicking hither and yon, and skipping over the debates between military historians that have gone on for the past seven decades, the point is this: 303 'Kościuszko' Sqn was one of the top scoring, if not the top scoring RAF unit in the battle; the contribution of other Polish pilots either in the other Polish fighter squadron taking part in the Battle of Britain (302) or spread around other non-Polish units, was extremely significant. After Great Britain, Poland supplied more pilots to the Allied side than any other country, with New Zealand in third place.
The definitive book on the subject for non-Polish readers is For Your Freedom and Ours: The Kościuszko Squadron - Forgotten Heroes of World War II, by Lynne Olson & Stanley Cloud (William Heinemann, London). This is a book that should be on the bookshelf of every expat in Poland. Period. It is based to a degree on Dywizjon 303 by Arkady Fiedler, first published in London in 1942, published by the Polish underground the following year in Warsaw, and - even more remarkably - in communist Poland in 1965. This book is a classic. It was published in English during the war (in London and New York). I have the 1974 16th edition in Polish signed by the author ('Puszczykówko, V 1975').
The authoritative history of Poland's contribution to the Allied victory in the air is the two-volume Polskie Siły Powietrzne w wojnie (vol. 1 1939-43, vol. 2 1943-45, AJ Press) by Jerzy B. Cynk. This is the place to go if you want to know if your dad/grandfather did indeed shoot down five jerries in one afternoon.
A younger generation of Polish aviation historians is responsible for a series of well-researched monographs about individual squadrons, Mushroom Books (UK) and Bellona (Poland) publish these. A bit anoraky (serial numbers, dates, markings predominate), but plenty of names. 303 Dywizjon Myśliwski Warszawski im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, by Józef Zieliński (Bellona) is of this genre. The model Hurricane above is painted (by me using Techmod decals) according to Robert Gretzyngier's excellent colour plates from this book. This plane piloted by Sgt Michał Brzezowski shot down two Heinkel 111 bombers over Portsmouth on 11 September 1940. Two weeks later, Sgt Tadeusz Andruszkow downed another He-111 while flying the same plane; he was shot down and killed in it a day later (27 September).
One recent book I'd recommend to the general reader is Lotnictwo polskie na zachodzie 1939-1947 Polish Air Force by Robert Gretzyngier, Wojtek Matusiak and Józef Zieliński (ZP Grupa). Lots of pictures, many colour plates, text in both languages, highly informative - it tells a story rather than merely trot out numbers and dates.
The story is a heroic yet ultimately tragic one, for few of the Polish pilots who fought in the West were ever to return to a free Poland after 1989.