End of Time II – Lent 2025: Day 27

Science, for all its emphasis on the objective and the empirical, struggles to answer the fundamental questions about the nature of reality. If 100 years ago, physicists believed they were just several months and a couple of equations away from literally knowing everything, the intervening century had introduced more and more doubt. Today, competing theories regarding the beginning and the end of the Universe differ wildly (before the 1920s, an eternally static universe was generally assumed). 

Any theory that envisages a start-point (once, there was absolutely nothing, and in the far future, there will again be absolutely nothing) should introduce a first-cause that kicked everything off, and some interpretation of the eternal oblivion that will follow. Cyclical theories fudge this question by suggesting that there was never a 'nothing' and the next 'something' will arise from the end of the current 'something'.

Now – let's work with the notion of some overarching Big 'C' Consciousness that's behind, outside of and yet within all of Creation – a purpose, a teleology, a destination, a reason. Big 'C' Consciousness willed the Universe into existence, giving it its laws and its direction. [Physicalists would deny this, saying there's no need for such a construct. But then neither their position nor mine is falsifiable; thus both camps are resting their worldviews on belief.]

I see it this way: small 'c' consciousness evolves from the bottom all the way up, with the intention of a final merging into Big 'C' Consciousness. Atoms are aware of their existence; but have they will? Quantum mechanics does not negate that. A big step up in the evolution of consciousness was abiogenesis – that mysterious leap from non-life to life. A further big step up was the emergence of sentient life, we humans, capable of meta-consciousness – conscious of being conscious. 

But – what's next? Beings that are increasingly angelic? Living in a higher level of consciousness still?

Below: Imagen 3.0, asked to illustrate biological and spiritual evolution. Prophetic? Or a distillation of a billion online images?

I believe that our consciousness shall pass through a myriad of containers, each evolving, learning, observing, rising in understanding, improving ethically, before finally uniting as one in the One.

At the End of Time, or sooner? Religions seem to be in a bit of hurry to reach that end point. Eternal bliss in Heaven after one biological life reasonably well lived. Or after a handful of reincarnations. To me, that's too simple. An admission ticket too cheaply priced. We have imperfections to iron out; improvement comes slowly. One life at a time. 

And how does it all end? And where – on this planet, on some other star system? In this galaxy, or some distant one?And for how long does that end state – that Omega Point – last? I feel as knowledgeable as a cat trying to understand electricity. But the questions need to be asked, and discussed. Hypothesis – thesis – antithesis – synthesis.

Lent 2024: Day 27
Personality and Belief

Lent 2023, Day 27
Being Positive is more than just being Optimistic

Lent 2022: Day 27
God and Nationalism

Lent 2021: Day 27
Consciousness in other creatures

Lent 2020: Day 27
The Physical and the Metaphysical

The End of Time – Lent 2025: Day 26

Science has no clear answer as to how the Universe (this Universe?) will end. In a Big Crunch (galaxies collapsing into their black holes which then go on to swallow one another in an ever contracting universe that ends up in a singularity)? Or in Heat Death – galaxies flung further and further apart by dark energy at an ever-accelerating pace, over time losing all contact with each other, and then, one by one, their stars go out? And atoms stop spinning until there's nothing with which to measure time? Or in a Big Rip (dark energy becomes stronger and stronger, eventually tearing apart galaxies and indeed all matter)? Or in Vacuum Decay, when the stability of the vacuum of space suddenly decays into a lower energy state, resulting in a bubble of lower-energy vacuum expanding at the speed of light through the universe, destroying everything in its path? We don't know.

Below: Google Gemini Imagen 3.0, prompted to illustrate the four competing theories of how the Universe will end.

And when will this all happen? The first three are due in around 10¹⁰⁰ to 10¹²⁰ years from now, so no immediate worry. Unless it's vacuum decay, which could happen at any time. Though even if it started a billion light years away, it would take a billion years to reach us. And given that we're some  46.5 billion light years in any direction from the edge of the observable universe, we seem to be statistically quite safe.

[Well before then, the Sun's increasing luminosity will make life on Earth impossible somewhere between a billion and 1.2 billion years' time; humanity will need to evolve and move on. This is around 3,000 times longer than Homo sapiens has existed as a species, so there's no great rush.]

But will the end of the Universe (however it happens) mean the beginning of a new one? Certainly, proponents of the Big Crunch theory suggest that after everything comes together in a singularity, it immediately kicks off the next Big Bang. And so on, ad infinitum. Sir Roger Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology posits that once the last atom ceases to vibrate at the universe's heat death, time runs to an end; without time there is no space – and from that begins, yes, the next Big Bang. So two of the models foresee a universe of infinite duration, with new ones arising from the ashes of the previous ones. Two don't. They envisage a total annihilation of all matter.

But what would happen to consciousness, both small-'c' and the large-'C' ,when space-time runs out? Will we be safely gathered in? Will we be saved? I shall speculate on this tomorrow.

Lent 2024: Day 26
Understanding the esoteric
(In which I dream of the Random Number Veneration Generator)

Lent 2023, Day 26
The Ghost in the Machine

Lent 2022: Day 26
The End of Times

Lent 2021: Day 26
Physical Immortality

Lent 2020: Day 26
Intimations of Immortality

Words, music, memories and other mind-altering drugs – Lent 2025: Day 25

Smash, rip, incinerate, crush, suffocate, destroy, annihilate, mourn, despair. [Now read again.]

Has reading this list of verbs changed your mood? Feeling a little more... anxious? Now, how about these –

Flourish, embrace, inspire, open, cherish, rejuvenate, love, marvel, celebrate, hope. [Now re-read.]

– Have these words returned you to a better place?

The simple act of casting your eyes over shapes on a screen – characters or graphemes – that we recognise as letters, placed together to form words, can cause either the levels of cortisol or of dopamine to rise within your body. When released into a living organism, chemical substances that produce a biological effect are, pharmacologically speaking, drugs. Hormones. Signalling molecules that affect the body, produced endogenously. We have been conditioned to respond accordingly. It's what makes great poets great; wringing emotion out of language.

With music, the effect is more powerful. Music plays a significant role in our emotions and moods. Uppers and downers. Specific sequences of notes, tempo, key (major/minor), volume, trance-inducing beat; music has a powerful array of tools at its disposal to alter our mindset.

And so it is for memories. Memories can be of events or of qualia. Events – embarrassing, awkward, painful memories tend to stick around. Summoning them can prompt cortisol release. But qualia memories – memories not of what you did, but what you felt – tend to be more likely to set off a dopamine release. Tiny quantities, but noticeable. Quick to dissipate, but very real.

Below: words, music, memories – pictured by Google Gemini Imagen 3.0

English romantic poet William Wordsworth describes in Daffodils (1804) this experience of a qualia memory flashback, prompted by his memories from a walk along the shore of Lake Ullswater in the Lake District, when he saw a long line of daffodils, "Fluttering and dancing in the breeze." The last stanza runs thus:

"For oft, when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

That is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure fills,

And dances with the daffodils."

Qualia memory events can have powerful pharmacological effects, like words and music.

Tonight the clocks go forward. For the next week I'll be getting through the day with a sense of guilt that an extra hour of daylight has passed and I've done nothing with it.

Lent 2025: Day 25
Dealing with Evil

Lent 2023, Day 25
Intuition and Dreaming

Lent 2022: Day 25
Writing It All Down

Lent 2021: Day 25
Faith and Knowledge

Lent 2020: Day 25
Chances, complacency and gratitude

Reality – as we perceive it, and as it is – Lent 2025: Day 24

Into the second half of Lent, downhill towards Easter. Going nicely. Today, I want to turn my attention to what we consider to be our 'reality'. Solid things, people, places, arranged in space and time – we feel we know exactly what reality is. We can sense it all around! But do we truly understand?

We can all agree that everything's made out of molecules, which in turn are made out of atoms. Yet none of us have ever seen an atom – even nuclear physicists will only have seen something that's a representation of an atom. Yet within those atoms exist smaller particles; electrons forming a probability cloud around a nucleus, which scientific consensus assures us is made of protons and neutrons, each made of up quarks and down quarks, though how that works (gauge bosons, gluons, leptons, whatever) is way beyond the understanding of all but the most dedicated specialist. So we end up take the Standard Model on trust, rather like in early times, mediaeval people would take the existence of Jesus Christ as the only begotten son of God on trust. 

Below: how Google Gemini's Imagen 3.0 pictures the sub-atomic (not very accurately, but try illustrating a cloud of probability) and the pangalactic.

We scarcely give any thought to the fact that the chairs we sit on consist of atoms that are essentially empty space. And yet they are. A hydrogen atom is about 99.9999999999996% empty space. If the nucleus were the size of a pea, the atom would be about the size of the dome of St Paul's Cathedral. Looking out over a landscape we're seeing fields and forests, fences, clouds and sky – what we're really gazing at is unimaginable numbers of atoms.

And the planet on which we live is whizzing around our local star, one of between 100 billion and 400 billion stars in our local galaxy. Which is just one of 200 billion to 2,000 billion (or two trillion) galaxies in the observable universe.

Just as we are unable to grasp the subatomic nature of reality, we cannot grasp the galactic scale either. Yes, we can recite the numbers, how very tiny and how very huge they are, but our imaginations struggle. 

You may try to deny the reality of reality, but to do so would be to question the physicalist model agreed upon by science. No rational thinker in the Middle Ages would question the existence of God either.

As human beings, we have evolved in the meso-scale; that is where we are; what lies above and below is of no evolutionary consequence to us. Finding food, finding a mate, avoiding predators. If you can do that, you are biologically fit. 

Cognitive psychologist Donald Hoffman argues that in the same way as our laptop screens show us, via a graphic user interface, icons, words and images so that we can operate our devices, which are essentially voltages running through silicon, we relate to the world around us via a 3D graphic user interface in our mind. This interface, says Prof. Hoffman, evolved to perceive reality in a way that works best in evolution. Escaping tigers is more useful than seeing inside of an atom or scanning distant galaxies. Natural selection selected the optimal model for us to interface with reality.

Yet despite this, we cannot deny the existence of the subatomic or the innards of a black hole.

I would posit that much the same can be said about the reality of consciousness; all we know of it is what we experience at our own subjective level – qualia; units of the awareness of being. You know what it feels like to be you; you can imagine what it may be like to be me, but we'd both struggle to imagine consciousness at the subatomic or the cosmic level.

We can but intuit; reaching up to try to understand the nature of the Divine Consciousness is akin to gazing at the heavens without a telescope. 

Lent 2024: Day 24
The Ego Alone

Lent 2023, Day 24
We are all Sentinelese? 

Lent 2022: Day 24
Memory, identity and reincarnation

Lent 2021: Day 24
Reconciling science and spirituality

Lent 2020: Day 24
Refutation (II)

The Tao of Doing Less – Lent 2025: Day 23

"I should have pushed myself harder!"

And then what?

"With more discipline and drive, I could have achieved more!"

Again – and then what? I'd be in the same place as I am today, though with a fatter bank balance? Or surrounded by more material possessions? Would they make me happier?

What's the sense of pushing oneself harder, unless that push is driven by curiosity? [Wanting to learn, to discover, to understand – this I understand.] But pushing oneself harder so as to add an extra zero to your net worth? If it's at the expense of your health and mental wellbeing?

Do you seek to live a life acclaimed? And does it matter in the fullness of time? Why compare? Why benchmark oneself against others' achievements? If you think you're good, it's only because you're comparing yourself with the wrong people.

Is wealth the best measure of success? As inherited wealth becomes more common, how can you tell the self-made entrepreneur flaunting it from the grandchild of a rich person behaving likewise?

As soon as you can afford to do so, step back. Do less. Buy less. Consume less. Waste less. Eat less. Expect less (of the material stuff). Walk more. Think more. Do all the above, and you can expect more simplicity – and more joy – from life. 

Below: graffiti from a wall in Kraków, late November 2019. (Ulica Smocza 10 - indeed you can still see traces of it on Google Maps Street View. Someone, tasked to remove it, could only be arsed to paint over the lower half.) 

Today is three weeks after Dudesday (6 March), so a fittingly belated opportunity to mention Dudeism, also referred to as The Church of the Latter-Day Dude. This is a philosophy and lifestyle that promotes a relaxed, easygoing approach to life. Drawing from the character of 'The Dude' from the Coen brothers' film The Big Lebowski, Dudeism is the do-less way. Here's a distillation (with Google Gemini's assistance) of its central tenets:

Abiding: going with the flow, accepting what life throws your way, rather than constantly fighting against it.

Taking it easy: a laid-back attitude, prioritising simple pleasures and avoiding unnecessary stress.

Being Dudely: treating others with kindness and respect, promoting camaraderie and tolerance.

Emphasis on simplicity: Dudeism often critiques the modern emphasis on materialism and achievement, advocating for a simpler, more relaxed lifestyle.

Taoist influence: the concept of wu wei, or active inaction, acting in accordance with the natural flow of things.

Tolerance and acceptance: a tolerant and accepting attitude towards others; "that's just, like, your opinion, man."

Rejection of aggression and excess: Dudeism is a reaction to the agressive and excessive tendencies found in modern society.

It could be argued that Dudeism has its roots in the strand of Ancient Greek philosophy – ataraxia (a negation or absence of disturbance or trouble); 'imperturbability' or 'tranquility'. It is a lucid state of robust equanimity, characterised by ongoing freedom from distress and worry. 

One way or another, take it easy man; find peace in the simple things in life.

Lent 2024: Day 23
The True Self – The Individual vs the Collective

Lent 2023: Day 24
The Spirituality of Cosmic Life

Lent 2022: Day 23
Matter and materialism

Lent 2021: Day 23
Near-death experiences and the Afterlife

Lent 2020: Day 23
Refutation I

Say farewell to materialism – Lent 2025: Day 22

I don't own a car (I do, however, have the use of my daughter's 19-year-old Nissan Micra, which I use once a week for a shopping trip to Warka). I've not been on holiday since 2014; I've not flown since 2020. The occasional short break within Poland or popping down to Prague to visit Moni – that's all the travel I do.

My lifestyle is ascetic – other than food, I buy little. I have stepped off the treadmill of materialism. The reward – a rich internal contemplative life. Long rural walks, exercise, a good diet, good neighbours, a large-ish library, the wonderful kitten that has adopted me, all bring happiness. Digital connectedness is important too. This allows for remote work, being in touch with family and friends online, and access to a wealth of fascinating podcasts and YouTube videos, to broaden and deepen my knowledge. Life is never boring.

So I find it hard to get into the mindset of those people who constantly need more – people who having reached a level of material comfort in their lives, strive to acquire more and more goods. Why? For what purpose? For the endorphine rush of walking out of a shopping mall laden with bags of new things? For the ego satisfaction of being swaddled with brands that raise one up the status hierarchy?

Tourism is also something that jars. I can understand the urge of someone with a spiritual connection to some distant place, for whom a visit there takes in the form of a pilgrimage. That is meaningful. But just to jet off to a far-off beach resort so as to show off the holiday snaps – absolutely not my cup of tea. And tourism is carbon intensive; 8.8% of human carbon dioxide emissions is generated by tourism.

Runaway consumer materialism is harming our planet in other ways; drawing minerals out of the earth to build a new car is not sustainable if multiplied by around a hundred million every year (the number is thankfully falling – only 88 million forecast in 2025). Clothes and other physical goods that have to be made, from raw materials, and then transported – none of this is good for our ecosystem. And plastics. And packaging waste. The toll on our planet affects us too.

Below: Google Gemini AI's Imagen 3.0 demonstrates the pernicious effect of runaway consumerism on the human psyche.

But buying new things keeps people in jobs; tourism keeps people in jobs. Materialism, powered by the status hierarchy, keeps the economy ticking along. The concept of conspicuous consumption and built-in obsolescence hark back to the 1950s and '60s, long before humanity started worrying about pollution and climate change; by then the New Age counter-culture was already signalling that it's time to slow down if for no other reason than for spiritual well-being.

Since then, things have got no better. What's the answer? De-growth? How to achieve that?

Well. policy-wise, I'm dead against forcing people not to do things they want to do (or forcing them to do things they don't want to do). Rather, I believe in convincing people that a less materialistic approach to life is better for their soul – or for those humanists with no belief in the spiritual – is better for their mental health. I'm de-growing, but not because I was made to. It's my choice, based on my observations.

De-growth? De-ego.

So – I end today with my big ask of humanity: aim to live in comfort, but not in luxury. There's nothing intrinsically valuable about living in discomfort – being hungry, cold, ill, stressed, unhappy. Work hard to achieve independent comfort; once you achieve that level, you can take your foot off the gas. There's more to life than doing a job you hate to earn money to buy things you don't need to impress people you don't like.

Lent 2024: Day 22
Ego vs. Consciousness – the Individual vs the Collective (Pt II)

Lent 2023, Day 23
God, Aliens and the Unfolding Universe

Lent 2022: Day 22
The Good Lord and the Environment

Lent 2021: Day 22
Muscle Memory, Mindfulness and Metaphysics

Lent 2020: Day 22
Repeatable Metaphysical Experiences

Gender and spirituality – Lent 2025: Day 21

A profound insight I had late last year came when I chanced upon these words in The Economist, written by a male journalist. "I won life's lottery by being born male". A week later, I watched Lany poniedziałek, a film co-scripted by Moni. Set in rural Poland, it draws a sharp divide between male and female teenagers, their behaviour and worldview. 

Suddenly I had profound insight. What if sex differences are not only biological and social – but metaphysical?

I don't wish to stray into gender politics here (patriarchy, feminism, trans rights etc), but I do want to consider the soul. Is there such a thing as a male and female soul? Is consciousness flavoured by sex?

I dismiss the notion of God as male ('Father', 'King', 'Lord'). This is bunk; patriarchy writ large. The authors of the Bible probably did not even give a second's thought as to which sex to assign to their Supreme Being – to them, it was clearly male. This is the result of attributing personhood to God, a category error in my view. A narrative that politicises spirituality for the sake of social control. (Just take a look at Leviticus 15:19-30!)

Sex determination systems in living organisms that reproduce sexually differ, with mammals and other animals producing gametes that are either ova or sperm. Females are more conscientious, bearing more responsibility. A female cat is a better hunter than a male cat, because her offspring depend upon her to feed them between being weaned and becoming independent. Males are more prone to risk-taking, especially in adolescence and early manhood as they fight to establish themselves on the status hierarchy. Females have to endure menstruation, childbirth and menopause.

So – my metaphysical question is – are souls assigned a sex? If so, why? And when? Forever? I ask this in particular in the context of survival of consciousness and the possibility of reincarnation. All of my many exomnesia (or xenomnesia) dreams and flashbacks, anomalous qualia memories of another time and another place, have had a masculine flavour. None felt like the recall of the experience of being female. 

Is there something to this? Some profound, universal spiritual truth? Yin and yang? Two opposites that ultimately form One? How? By dilution over time? Or is does this happen at the End of Time?

Lent 2024: Day 21
The individual vs. the collective

Lent 2023, Day 21
Intuition, Inspiration and Creativity

Lent 2022: Day 21
The perennial question – how much spirituality do we need?

Lent 2021: Day 21
Where is your soul from?

Lent 2020: Day 21
Finding a symbol for your religion

Why I keep blogging these Lenten posts – Lent 2025: Day 20

Blimey! Nearly three weeks into Lent and it's occurred to me that I haven't yet explained why I'm doing this series of Lenten posts on my blog! As usual, traffic is falling off (around 71,000 pageviews/month on Ash Wednesday, down to 41,000/month now). Why am I scuppering my regular readership to go off on a spiritual journey to the exclusion of my usual content?

AI generated image. Prompt: 'Preacher with Holy Book and Loaf of Bread'

Am I trying to convert people to my way of thinking? No, not really. You either hold that there's a Divine purpose to our lives, to the Universe, or you don't. If you don't – well, that doesn't make you a bad person per se. I'm not out to turn atheists into believers. Neither do I intend to proselytise Christians or followers of other faiths to abandon them for a different spiritual outlook, one that's couched in language closer to the scientific paradigm. 

{{ Anyone who seeks God shall find God in their own way. }} Since that intuition entered my consciousness one summer's night in 2021, I've made this a central tenet of my faith.

I'm writing these posts primarily for myself. So that once a year at this time I can confront my beliefs, so I can ask myself the questions that I consider fundamental to life, and that over the years I can return to these posts to see how my thinking has shifted, what new factors have influenced the way I see these spiritual matters, and most importantly – how it has become more nuanced over time. 

This is why each day there are links to the same day of Lent over the previous five years. I re-read past posts; they inspire, they suggest, they set off new thoughts and new ways of looking at old questions.

Though the posts are for a future me, they are also intended to spark thoughts and initiate discussion among readers who find this type of content interesting; if you are among them and you find some area of inquiry here worthy of comment, please do so, or drop me an email. Or mention it when we meet.

Counting pageviews is an ego thing. Reviewing my personal philosophy and approach to life on an annual basis is far more worthwhile.

Lent 2024: Day 20
Do we have Free Will? (Pt IV)

Lent 2023, Day 20
Practical uses of intuition

Lent 2022: Day 20
Free will, consciousness and determinism

Lent 2021: Day 20
No, but who are you really?

Lent 2020: Day 20
Applying Occam's Razor to your religion